INTENSIVE SLAVERY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

RAIDS BECOME MASSIVE AND EFFICIENT

Once meant to maintain the status quo, their goal becomes seizing land and labor for production.

• Rifles replace the deliberately poor trade guns.

 Muslim raid in the 1880's  by Harry Johnston 

• Populations are massively displaced... 

Arab slavers in East Africa (origin not named) / zoom

To provide labor for the huge new estates:

Second Journey to Discover the Sources of the Nile, 1861-1862, by John Speke (French ed.),  zoom

He [Sirboco] had the good luck of aiding the district chief who, attacked in his fortified village, was about to ignominiously surrender when he gave him the courage to push back the enemy. A grand concession of land was his reward and Sirboco cultivated his vast estate by bands of slaves chained together...

-- My version, shortened and bolded up.

Same source, color added (alamy)

# # #

Djimini production greatly expands during the brief rule of raider Samory Ture:
(1894-98)

• Kong, Kondodougou and Bokhala are destroyed, but other villages spring up or become larger: "Marabadiassa which replaced Kong after its destruction, is an important commercial center." 

 -- Abidjan archives, 1899

 Small letters, villages Samory destroys. Large ones, villages that are new or enlarged.

• Rice production expands, yams are introduced, markets grow from 2000 people to 5000 and the new center of Dabakala attracts 7000. 

-- Same source.

All interlocutors confirmed that growth.

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Next,
Adapting Islam to the need for labor 


Un incendie consuma d'un seul coup toutes ses marchandises et le réduisit [Sirboco] à la misère la plus complète. En revanche, il avait le bonheur de venir en aide au chef du district. Celui-ci, attaqué dans son village fortifié [...] allait se rendre ignominieusement, lorsque Sirboco, lui redonnant courage, le mit en état de repousser l'ennemi. Une grande concession de terres fut la recompense à cet exploit, et Sirboco, qui avait à craindre en retournant à la cîte à être emprisonné pour dettes, a préférer demeurer ici. Il cultive ses vastes propriétés au moyen de bandes d'esclaves enchaînés l'un à l'autre ...