CLASSLESS COMMUNITIES THAT ELDERS LEAD

THE TRADERS COME UPON THE SENUFO, WHO STRETCH ACROSS THE SAVANNAH FROM WESTERN MALI TO BURKINO FASO 

Senufo languages / zoom

 Many are still subsistence farmers.

Zoom

Some of the rites 

Louis-Gustave Binger, toward 1888, zoom

Zoom (please scroll down); no date

Senufo funeral in the Folona, Mali by Barbara E. Ward and Nafogo Coulibali, 2015 / zoom 

    Ceremony by which men after initiation since childhood become fully adult / zoom

For a page of good pictures, please click here and for more pictures and a description of the initiation, here (please click down).

Zoom (please scroll down) 

Dancers of Boloye, 2022 / zoom

                                                                           Zoom                                                          1966, Zoom

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Lineage elders send young members to fetch the kola,
whose exchange they control.
 Being in direct contact with the merchants
 strengthens them at first. 

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Next,

Cowries, new traders and textiles